ABSTRACT
This study investigates the degradation of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate [LAS] in aqueous solution using Fenton's process in a batch reactor [at pH = 3 and 25 Degree C]. Experiments were carried out to survey the effects of the amounts of ferrous sulfate [FeSO[4].7H[2]O] and hydrogen peroxide [H[2]O[2]] on the LAS and COD removal. Central composite design and response surface methods were used to optimize the Fenton oxidation process through examination of three independent operating variables namely oxidant dose [H[2]O[2]], catalyst dose [Fe[+2]] and reaction time., hydrogen peroxide dose ranging from 150 to 750 mg /L and Fe[+2] concentration in the range of 10 -130 mg /L were selected to be examined at different reaction times between 20 and 80 minutes. Models were developed and results shows that the oxidation capacities of H[2]O[2] /Fe[+2] were highly dependent on the concentration of H[2]O[2] and Fe[+2]. Satisfactory decay rates of LAS to lock up biodegradable concentration level were obtained, and in the case for oxidation of 200 mg /L LAS, the optimum values were achieved at 600 and 130 mg/L for H[2]O[2] and Fe[+2], respectively
Subject(s)
Hydrogen Peroxide , Iron , WastewaterABSTRACT
VP2 gene coding region of a vaccinal strain [D78] of infectious bursal disease virus [IBDV] was cloned in a eukaryotic expression vector, pSec Tag2A. The gene was placed downstream of Ig kappa chain leader sequence, under the control of human cytomegalovirus [hCMV] immediate early enhancer and promoter. The construct pSec Tag2A-VP2 was transferred in COS-7 cell line and the expression and secretion of VP2 was assessed by dot blotting and antigen capture ELISA. The antibody used in the immunological assays was a neutralizing monoclonal antibody [1A6] against VP2. Positive reaction with the antibody indicated the construct was functional with respect to expression and secretion of a native VP2
ABSTRACT
Semi-aerobic leachate is characterized by organic matter [COD, BOD] which is relatively low in concentration and difficult to biodegrade. In conventional treatment systems, the low biodegradability is attributed to partial stabilization of leachate at the landfill. Biological treatment of leachate in Malaysia is not well established and any important data for the treatment process is not available. The behavior of microbes is unknown for semi aerobic leachate. This research was conducted to establish some of the important data in the biological treatment of semi-aerobic leachate with and without the influence of powdered activated carbon [PAC]. For the present study, semi aerobic leachate was collected from Pulau Burung andfill Site [PBLS], Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia. The experiment involved operating two 16 L laboratory-scale activated sludge reactors in parallel at room temperature and adjusted to pH of 6.5 +/- 0.5. One of the reactors was supplemented with powdered activated carbon [PAC] of 75-150 micro m size to observe its effect on leachate biodegradation. The results showed enhanced reactor performance due to PAC addition COD, NH[4]- N, NO[3]-N, TKN, BOD and colour removals was higher